What is the main function of chlorine in the water treatment process?

Chlorine plays a critical role in the water treatment process primarily due to its disinfecting properties. The main function of chlorine is to kill or inactivate harmful microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that can cause diseases in humans. When chlorine is added to water, it reacts with contaminants and effectively reduces the risk of waterborne illnesses, thereby making the water safe for consumption.

While some may think chlorine could add a flavor or reduce water hardness, these are not its primary functions. Chlorine does not contribute to the mineral balance of water or affect taste in a way that is beneficial. Furthermore, while chlorine can impact pH levels slightly depending on how it’s used, adjusting pH is not its main purpose in the water treatment process. Thus, the focus remains on its ability to ensure the microbiological safety of drinking water, making the disinfection function the correct answer.