What is "water hammer"?

Water hammer refers to a pressure surge that occurs when water in motion is abruptly forced to stop or change direction. This sudden change in velocity leads to a shock wave traveling through the pipe, which can result in loud banging or knocking noises. It typically happens in systems where valves are closed quickly, or when a pump is shut off suddenly. The force generated by this pressure surge can strain pipes and fittings, potentially causing damage over time if not addressed.

Understanding water hammer is crucial for water distribution systems and pipeline maintenance, as it illustrates the importance of managing water flow and pressure. This concept emphasizes the dynamic behavior of liquids in motion and underlines the necessity of specific designs or devices, such as air chambers or surge tanks, to mitigate these effects.