Which of the following is a common method of water disinfection?

Chlorination is a widely used method of water disinfection that involves adding chlorine or chlorine compounds to water to eliminate bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. This process is effective because chlorine reacts with organic matter and microorganisms in the water, thereby killing harmful pathogens and helping to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases. Chlorination is favored in many municipal water treatment systems due to its ability to leave a residual disinfectant in the distribution system, providing ongoing protection against microbial contamination.

Careful management of the chlorination process is essential to balance effective disinfection with potential byproducts, such as trihalomethanes, which can form when chlorine reacts with naturally occurring organic materials in the water. Nevertheless, when applied correctly, chlorination remains a cornerstone of water treatment, ensuring the safety and quality of drinking water for public health.